KP Magazine
9:58 AM (edited) - Public
The class of antiplatelet drugs include:
Irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors
Aspirin
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Prasugrel (Effient)
Ticagrelor (Brilinta)
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cilostazol (Pletal)
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors (intravenous use only)
Abciximab (ReoPro)
Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
Tirofiban (Aggrastat)
Adenosine reuptake inhibitors
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Thromboxane inhibitors
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors
Thromboxane receptor antagonistsTerutroban
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug
Irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors
Aspirin
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Prasugrel (Effient)
Ticagrelor (Brilinta)
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cilostazol (Pletal)
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors (intravenous use only)
Abciximab (ReoPro)
Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
Tirofiban (Aggrastat)
Adenosine reuptake inhibitors
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Thromboxane inhibitors
Thromboxane synthase inhibitors
Thromboxane receptor antagonistsTerutroban
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug
KP Magazine
9:56 AM (edited) - Public
Adverse effects include hemorrhage, severe neutropenia, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
CYP2C19 is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme that catalyzes the biotransformation of many clinically useful drugs including antidepressants, barbiturates, proton pump inhibitors, antimalarial and antitumor drugs. Clopidogrel is one of the drugs metabolized by this enzyme.
Clopidogrel interacts with the following drugs:
proton pump inhibitors (except possibly pantoprazole),
phenytoin (Dilantin);
tamoxifen (Nolvadex); tolbutamide (Orinase); torsemide (Demadex); fluvastatin (Lescol);
CYP2C19 is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme that catalyzes the biotransformation of many clinically useful drugs including antidepressants, barbiturates, proton pump inhibitors, antimalarial and antitumor drugs. Clopidogrel is one of the drugs metabolized by this enzyme.
Clopidogrel interacts with the following drugs:
proton pump inhibitors (except possibly pantoprazole),
phenytoin (Dilantin);
tamoxifen (Nolvadex); tolbutamide (Orinase); torsemide (Demadex); fluvastatin (Lescol);
a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, ardeparin (Normiflo), dalteparin (Fragmin), danaparoid (Orgaran), enoxaparin (Lovenox), or tinzaparin (Innohep); (Activase), anistreplase (Eminase), dipyridamole (Persantine), streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase), ticlopidine (Ticlid), and urokinase (Abbokinase).
In November 2009, the FDA announced that clopidogrel should be used with caution in patients on proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clopidogrel
KP Magazine
10:05 AM (edited) - Public
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take.
anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin);
certain antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan),
ketoconazole (Nizoral), and voriconazole (Vfend);
aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as felbamate (Felbatol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn);
fluvastatin (Lescol); cimetidine (Tagamet); etravirine (Intelence); fluoxetine (Prozac); fluvoxamine (Luvox);
phenytoin (Dilantin);
proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as esomeprazole (Nexium) and omeprazole (Prilosec, Prilosec OTC, Zegerid);
tamoxifen (Nolvadex);
ticlopidine (Ticlid); tolbutamide; and torsemide (Demadex).
you should know that you may bleed more easily or for a longer time than usual while you are taking clopidogrel. Be careful not to cut or hurt yourself while you are taking clopidogrel.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000040/
anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin);
certain antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan),
ketoconazole (Nizoral), and voriconazole (Vfend);
aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as felbamate (Felbatol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn);
fluvastatin (Lescol); cimetidine (Tagamet); etravirine (Intelence); fluoxetine (Prozac); fluvoxamine (Luvox);
phenytoin (Dilantin);
proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as esomeprazole (Nexium) and omeprazole (Prilosec, Prilosec OTC, Zegerid);
tamoxifen (Nolvadex);
ticlopidine (Ticlid); tolbutamide; and torsemide (Demadex).
you should know that you may bleed more easily or for a longer time than usual while you are taking clopidogrel. Be careful not to cut or hurt yourself while you are taking clopidogrel.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000040/
KP Magazine
9:55 AM (edited) - Public
In March 2010, the FDA put a black box warning on Plavix to make patients and healthcare providers aware that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.
The new language will "warn about reduced effectiveness in patients who are poor metabolizers of Plavix,"
Plavix does not have its anti-platelet effects until it is metabolized into its active form by the liver enzyme, CYP2C19.
representing up to 14% of patients, are at high risk of treatment failure and that testing is available. Researchers have found that patients with variants in cytochrome P-450 2C19 (CYP2C19) have lower levels of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, less inhibition of platelets, and a 3.58 times greater risk for major adverse cardiovascular events such as death, heart attack, and stroke; the risk was greatest in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/12/us-bristol-plavix-idUSTRE62B43B20100312
The new language will "warn about reduced effectiveness in patients who are poor metabolizers of Plavix,"
Plavix does not have its anti-platelet effects until it is metabolized into its active form by the liver enzyme, CYP2C19.
representing up to 14% of patients, are at high risk of treatment failure and that testing is available. Researchers have found that patients with variants in cytochrome P-450 2C19 (CYP2C19) have lower levels of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, less inhibition of platelets, and a 3.58 times greater risk for major adverse cardiovascular events such as death, heart attack, and stroke; the risk was greatest in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/12/us-bristol-plavix-idUSTRE62B43B20100312
KP Magazine
9:38 AM - Public
"But now, in a farewell that has been years in the making, the story of Plavix is coming to an end. The drug is set to lose its patent protection on Thursday... In the 15 years since it entered the market, Plavix generated $42.8 billion in sales for Bristol-Myers, according to IMS Health, a health care services company. It is the biggest name-brand drug to lose patent protection since Lipitor, made by Pfizer, encountered generic competition late last year. With the loss of patent protection for Plavix and Lipitor coming in such quick succession, “this year is a year that pharmaceutical insiders refer to as ‘pharmageddon,’ ” Dr. Nissen said."
KP Magazine
9:35 AM - Public
Call your doctor at once if you have black or bloody stools, or if you cough up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds. These could be signs of bleeding in your digestive tract.
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of bleeding in your stomach or intestines.
If you need surgery or dental work, tell the surgeon or dentist ahead of time that you are using Plavix. You may need to stop using the medicine for at least 5 days before having surgery, to prevent excessive bleeding
While you are taking Plavix, do not take aspirin or other NSAIDs
http://www.drugs.com/plavix.html
Avoid drinking alcohol. It may increase your risk of bleeding in your stomach or intestines.
If you need surgery or dental work, tell the surgeon or dentist ahead of time that you are using Plavix. You may need to stop using the medicine for at least 5 days before having surgery, to prevent excessive bleeding
While you are taking Plavix, do not take aspirin or other NSAIDs
http://www.drugs.com/plavix.html
KP Magazine
9:30 AM (edited) - Public
Some medications are metabolized (broken down or activated) by enzymes. Variants in the genes coding for these enzymes may cause your body to metabolize a medication more quickly or more slowly than normal. These variants can affect how well the medication works, and the risk of side effects. CYP2C19 is a gene that contains the instructions for making an enzyme which metabolizes many different types of drugs. Some examples of drugs that are affected by CYP2C19 include the anti-platelet drug clopidogrel and the anti-ulcer, proton pump inhibitor drug, omeprazole, commonly known as Prilosec.
As a participant in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (a medical study aimed at using genetic information in clinical practice) I received my first drug response result this morning. Even though, thankfully, I don't have to take Clopidogrel/Plavix, there's something sort of amazing about knowing ahead of time how my body would react to the drug. No more guess work by the physicians. Should I ever need to use Plavix, my DNA makes me an "Ultra Rapid Metabolizer"
Ultra-Rapid metabolizers have increased CYP2C19 activity.
Ultra-Rapid metabolizers may process clopidogrel more quickly than people with other variants.
Some studies suggest this may result in an increased benefit of the drug. Other studies suggest this result may increase the risk of bleeding.
Consider that around 25% of the population are genetically 'coded' to be poor metabolizers of Plavix. Without genetic testing, doctors simply have to prescribe and hope the drug works.
Scary since Plavix is meant to help prevent heart attacks.
Ultra-Rapid metabolizers have increased CYP2C19 activity.
Ultra-Rapid metabolizers may process clopidogrel more quickly than people with other variants.
Some studies suggest this may result in an increased benefit of the drug. Other studies suggest this result may increase the risk of bleeding.
Consider that around 25% of the population are genetically 'coded' to be poor metabolizers of Plavix. Without genetic testing, doctors simply have to prescribe and hope the drug works.
Scary since Plavix is meant to help prevent heart attacks.
KP Magazine
9:26 AM - Public
#cardiovascular #pharma #drugs #lawsuit #aspirin
A government institute has stopped a portion of a stroke-prevention study because the combination of the drugs Plavix and aspirin were shown to be linked to increased rates of bleeding and death versus aspirin alone.
So, why not just taking fish oil ?
A government institute has stopped a portion of a stroke-prevention study because the combination of the drugs Plavix and aspirin were shown to be linked to increased rates of bleeding and death versus aspirin alone.
So, why not just taking fish oil ?
KP Magazine
9:57 AM (edited) - Public
Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate) is used to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Serious side effects of Plavix
Internal bleeding
Ulcers
Heart attacks
Strokes
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpora (TTP)
Death
For users with a history of gastrointestinal problems, the blood thinner carries 12 times the risk of recurrent ulcers when compared with aspirin and a heartburn pill.
Serious side effects of Plavix
Internal bleeding
Ulcers
Heart attacks
Strokes
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpora (TTP)
Death
For users with a history of gastrointestinal problems, the blood thinner carries 12 times the risk of recurrent ulcers when compared with aspirin and a heartburn pill.
Garrett Law Office is reviewing lawsuits for individuals who suffered severe and potentially fatal side effects after using Plavix. Plavix has been linked to an increased risk of certain health problems, recent research shows.
KP Magazine
9:06 AM - Public
Pfizer is the biggest pharmaceutical company in the U.S. (perhaps even in the world), and is responsible for some of the biggest frauds in U.S. history. Incidentally, they are also account for a huge portion of lobbying interests in U.S. politics. For example:
While CEO of Pfizer in 2008, Jeffrey B. Kindler earned a total compensation of $14,788,302, which included a base salary of $1,575,000, a cash bonus of $3,000,000, stocks granted of $7,553,015, and options granted of $2,222,026." Justifying Kindler's 12.5 percent salary increase to $1.8 million, the Pfizer's proxy report stated:
"During 2009, Mr. Kindler was actively involved, through both Pfizer and external organizations, in developing and advancing U.S. and global public policies that serve the overall interests of our Company and our shareholders. These efforts included constructive participation in the U.S. legislative process to advance Pfizer's goals of achieving a more rational operating environment; improving Americans' access to quality, affordable health care."
So if we take away all the rhetoric and sweet-talking, Pfizer is admitting to actively encouraging the manipulation of U.S. public policies to allow dishonest gains. Incidentally, "Kindler donated $5,000 to Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election."
Pfizer had the greatest number of blockbuster products in 2009 with 14, which includes five inherited through the acquisition of Wyeth. The following is a list of key prescription pharmaceutical products. The names shown are all registered trademarks of Pfizer Inc.
Accupril (quinapril) for hypertension treatment.
Advil (ibuprofen), Aricept (donepezil) for Alzheimer's disease.
Aromasin (exemestane) for the prevention of breast cancer and theprevention of osteoporosis and menopause for women.
Bextra (Valdecoxib) for arthritis.
While CEO of Pfizer in 2008, Jeffrey B. Kindler earned a total compensation of $14,788,302, which included a base salary of $1,575,000, a cash bonus of $3,000,000, stocks granted of $7,553,015, and options granted of $2,222,026." Justifying Kindler's 12.5 percent salary increase to $1.8 million, the Pfizer's proxy report stated:
"During 2009, Mr. Kindler was actively involved, through both Pfizer and external organizations, in developing and advancing U.S. and global public policies that serve the overall interests of our Company and our shareholders. These efforts included constructive participation in the U.S. legislative process to advance Pfizer's goals of achieving a more rational operating environment; improving Americans' access to quality, affordable health care."
So if we take away all the rhetoric and sweet-talking, Pfizer is admitting to actively encouraging the manipulation of U.S. public policies to allow dishonest gains. Incidentally, "Kindler donated $5,000 to Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election."
Pfizer had the greatest number of blockbuster products in 2009 with 14, which includes five inherited through the acquisition of Wyeth. The following is a list of key prescription pharmaceutical products. The names shown are all registered trademarks of Pfizer Inc.
Accupril (quinapril) for hypertension treatment.
Advil (ibuprofen), Aricept (donepezil) for Alzheimer's disease.
Aromasin (exemestane) for the prevention of breast cancer and theprevention of osteoporosis and menopause for women.
Bextra (Valdecoxib) for arthritis.
Caduet (amlodipine) and (atorvastatin) for cholesterol andhypertension.
Camptosar (irinotecan) for cancer and Chemotherapeutic agents.
Celebrex (celecoxib) for arthritis.
Chantix/Champix (Varenicline) for Nicotinic agonists, and anti nicotine drugs.
Cefobid a cephalosporin antibiotic.
ChapStick, a lip balm
Depo-Medrol (methylprednisolone) for asthma.
Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone) for asthma.
Dimetapp for the common cold.
Depo Provera for birth control.
Detrol and Detrol LA (tolterodine) for overactive bladder (OAB).
Diflucan (fluconazole) for antifungal drug.
Ellence (epirubicin) for cancer and chemotherapy drug.
Eraxis (anidulafungin) for antifungal drug.
Exubera (inhalable insulin) for diabetes, and insulin therapies.
Flagyl (metronidazole) for bacterial and protozoal infections.
Genotropin (Growth hormone) for growth disorders.
Geodon (ziprasidone) for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Inspra (eplerenone) for diuretics.
Lipitor, Sortis (atorvastatin) for cholesterol.
Lyrica (pregabalin) for neuropathic pain.
Macugen (pegaptanib) for N/A
Norvasc (amlodipine) for hypertension
Neurontin (gabapentin) for neuropathic pain.
Preparation H for hemorrhoids
Relpax (eletriptan) for including the sulfonamide group of migraine.
Rescriptor (delavirdine) for HIV.
Robitussin for coughs and colds.
Selzentry (maraviroc) for HIV.
Somavert (pegvisomant) for Acromegaly.
Sutent (sunitinib) for cancer and chemotherapy drug.
Toviaz (fesoterodine) for overactive bladder (OAB).
Tikosyn (dofetilide) for atrial fibrillation and flutter.
Vfend (voriconazole) for antifungal drug.
Viagra (sildenafil) for erectile dysfunction.
Viracept (nelfinavir) for AIDS.
Xalatan (latanoprost) for glaucoma
Xalacom latanoprost and timolol Medication for glaucoma.
Xanax and Xanax XR (alprazolam) for anxiety and panic disorders.
Zoloft (sertraline) for an antidepressant.
Zyvox (linezolid) for antibiotics.
The following is a partial list of Animal Health brands manufactured by Pfizer:
Bovi-Shield Gold, Cerenia, Convenia, Dectomax, Draxxin, Excede, Excenel, Inovocox, Mycitracin, Palladia, Pirsue, A180, Revolution Pet Medicine, Rimadyl, Simplicef, Slentrol, Solitude IGR, Spectramast, Stellamune, Stronghold
In addition to marketing branded pharmaceutials Pfizer is involved in the manufacture and sale of generics. In the US it does this through its Greenstone subsidiary which it acquired as part of the acquisition of Pharmacia. Pfizer also has a licensing deal in place with Aurobindo which grants the former access to a variety of oral solid generic products.
Knowledge is Power! Ensure you are well-informed about the drugs you take and pay for, the companies you support, and the special interests that drive U.S. politics!
Sources:
http://www.pfizer.com/products/#A
http://healthcarereform.nejm.org/?p=2358
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/02/AR2009090201449_pf.html
http://www.democracynow.org/2010/12/20/headlines/wikileaks_pfizer_opposed_new_zealand_trade_deal
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/pharmaceuticals/news/article.cfm?c_id=278&objectid=10695239
http://www.fiercepharma.com/special-reports/top-10-generic-drug-companies-2010/greenstone-top-10-generic-drug-companies-2010
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/dec/09/wikileaks-cables-pfizer-nigeria
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